Franklin Graham’s Public Theology and Ecclesiology
©2026 Victor R. Claveau, MJ The public theology of Franklin Graham emerges from the broader framework of twentieth-century evangelical Protestantism, particularly the revivalist and Baptist traditions inherited from his father, Billy Graham. His ecclesiology—the theological understanding of the Church, its authority, sacraments, and mission—reflects the convictions historically associated with conservative evangelical Christianity. These convictions stand […]
The Anti-Catholicism of the Puritans in Early Massachusetts
©2026 Victor R. Claveau, MJ The story of the Puritans in Massachusetts is often told as a heroic tale of persecuted Christians fleeing oppression in England in search of religious liberty. While there is truth in the claim that many Puritans suffered under the religious policies of the English crown, the historical reality is far […]
Catholic Scholarly Critique of the King James Authorized Bible
©2026 Victor R. Claveau, MJ The King James Version was not formally condemned by the Catholic Church as a wholly “heretical” Bible, but Catholics have historically identified several doctrinally problematic translations, omissions, and anti-Catholic biases within it. Many of these arose from the theological assumptions of the English Reformation and the Church of England in […]
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605: Guy Fawkes, Catholic Resistance, and the Crisis of Stuart England
©2026 Victor R. Claveau, MJ Table of Contents Introduction The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 remains one of the most dramatic and consequential conspiracies in English history. Led principally by Robert Catesby and executed operationally by Guido, or Guy, Fawkes, the conspiracy aimed to destroy the English political order in a single explosion beneath the House […]
Puritanism[i] in America
©2026 Victor R. Claveau, MJ The term Puritan began as an epithet hurled at church reformers in England, whom others perceived as annoyingly precise, exacting, and meddlesome in the practice of their faith. Puritans were predestinarian Calvinist dedicated to living according to “primitive” scriptural rules.[ii] Timeline 1608 Separatist Pilgrims[iii] flee England for Holland. 1620-1640 The Great […]
DOUBLE PREDESTINATION
by Giuseppe Monno Double predestination is a central doctrine in the theological thought of John Calvin and, more broadly, in Calvinism. It holds that God, from all eternity, has predestined some human beings to salvation and others to eternal damnation, independently of their works or their response to grace. According to this view, God would […]
THE THIRTY YEARS WAR.
Asa H. Craig, (Asa Hollister), 1847-1934 As has been mentioned in a preceding chapter, this “Thirty Years’ War” was the last great combat between Protestants and Catholics in Europe. It was the most disastrous conflict since the beginning of the Christian Era. History informs us that its effect upon Germany alone was beyond calculation, that […]
IRISH PERSECUTION.
Asa H. Craig, (Asa Hollister), 1847-1934 Of all the different races of men none have endured the hardships of persecution, the domineering influences of oppression, and the absolute tyranny of government so meekly as have the Irish people of Ireland. So great has been this disfranchisement, this disregard of human rights, that Irish oppression has […]
HEIRS OF HENRY VIII.
Asa H. Craig, (Asa Hollister), 1847-1934 Edward VI. Lady Jane Grey. Queen Mary. Queen Elizabeth. Mary, Queen of Scots. James I. IN the complication of Henry VIII’s many marriages and divorces, the question of succession to the throne of England became one of a peculiar controversy, therefore Parliament passed a decree conferring upon Henry the […]
Origin of the English Church.
Asa H. Craig, (Asa Hollister), 1847-1934 THE origin of the Church of England is known to all students of history, and may be summarized as follows: 1. Henry VIII, of England, desired to obtain a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and thus be free to marry Anne Boleyn, a beautiful and vivacious maid […]